Evolutionary Analysis 5th Edition By Herron Freeman – Test Bank

Evolutionary Analysis, 5e (Herron/Freeman)
Chapter 11 Sexual Selection
1) The differences between males and females of a species are called ________.
A) sexual morphism
B) male/female dimorphism
C) sexual differentiation
D) sexual dimorphism
Answer: D
Section: 11.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Darwin called differential reproductive success due to variation among individuals in success
at getting mates ________.
A) sexual success ratio
B) sexual selection
C) reproductive selection
D) dimorphic selection
Answer: B
Section: 11.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) In general, when sexual selection is strong for one sex and weak for the other, we can predict
that members of the sex subject to strong sexual selection will be ________, and members of the
sex subject to weak sexual selection will be ________.
A) choosy; competitive
B) aggressive; passive
C) competitive; showy
D) competitive; choosy
Answer: D
Section: 11.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4) Adam Jones and colleagues (2000) studied the mating behaviors of broad-nosed pipefish
(Syngnathus typhle) in a laboratory situation. For which sex is sexual selection a more potent
evolutionary force?
A) females
B) males
C) Both sexes are under equal sexual selection pressure.
D) Neither sex is under sexual selection pressure.
Answer: A
Section: 11.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
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5) Selection for the ability to successfully compete with members of their own sex to mate with
opposite sex is termed ________.
A) mating selection
B) competitive selection
C) intrasexual selection
D) intersexual selection
Answer: C
Section: 11.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
6) Small, nonterritorial male marine iguanas typically have their mating interrupted by larger
males prior to ejaculation. What alternative mating strategy have these small males developed to
compensate for this?
A) Small males form coalitions and distract larger males to allow enough time for copulation.
B) Small males induce ejaculation prior to copulation, and store the ejaculate in their cloacal
pouches.
C) Small males have developed the ability to induce ejaculation much more quickly than large
males.
D) Small males have developed sperm that are more efficient at fertilization than the sperm of
larger males.
Answer: B
Section: 11.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
7) Which of the following has NOT been observed as a trait of sperm competition?
A) applying pheromones that reduce the female’s attractiveness
B) the production of large ejaculates containing many sperm
C) depositing a copulatory plug
D) prolonged copulation during mating
E) All of the above have been observed as traits of sperm competition.
Answer: E
Section: 11.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
8) In his study of the Mediterranean fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata), Matthew Gage (1991) found
that ________.
A) males allowed to mate alone produced 2 1/2 times more sperm than those mating in the
presence of other males
B) males allowed to mate alone produced 2 1/2 times less sperm than those mating in the
presence of other males
C) males produced the same amount of sperm when they were allowed to mate alone or when
they mated in the presence of other males
D) males engaged in aggressive behavior when mating in the presence of other males
Answer: B
Section: 11.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
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Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
9) Experiments by Steve Tanner and colleagues (2000) with gray tree frogs demonstrated that
female frogs preferentially mated with male frogs exhibiting ________.
A) many short, repetitive calls over single long calls
B) longer calls rather than shorter calls
C) larger body size over small body size
D) louder calls over softer calls
E) trilling calls over constant calls
Answer: B
Section: 11.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
10) John Hoogland (1998) studied Gunnison’s prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) and observed
that an increase in litter size was observed when females ________.
A) chose males that were the largest in the colony
B) mated with more than one male
C) extended the time of copulation with individual males
D) established a large territory for mating
Answer: B
Section: 11.4
Skill: Application/Analysis
11) A mating system in which at least some females mate with more than one male is termed
________.
A) vivapary
B) polygyny
C) polygamy
D) polyandry
Answer: D
Section: 11.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
12) In studies on the pipefish Nerophis ophidion, females are larger than males and appear to be
under greater sexual selection pressure than males. The females have two traits that male
pipefish of the species lack. What are these two traits?
A) dark blue stripes and lateral spines
B) bright orange stripes and skin folds on their bellies
C) dark blue stripes and skin folds on their bellies
D) lateral spines and skin folds on their bellies
Answer: C
Section: 11.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension